Kuelewa Umuhimu wa Taratibu Sahihi za Kulehemu Mabomba kwa Bomba la Chuma la Ond Linalotumika katika Mistari ya Maji ya Chini ya Ardhi
Mabomba ya chuma ya ondhutumika sana katika mabomba ya maji ya chini ya ardhi kutokana na nguvu zao za juu na uwezo wa kuhimili shinikizo la nje. Mabomba hayo yanatengenezwa kwa vipande vya koili ya chuma vinavyoviringishwa kwa moto ambavyo huunda umbo la ond. Mchakato wa kulehemu ond unaotumika kutengeneza mabomba haya hutoa uadilifu bora wa kimuundo, na kuyafanya kuwa bora kwa matumizi ya chini ya ardhi.
| Kipenyo cha Nje cha Nominella | Unene wa Ukuta wa Nominella (mm) | ||||||||||||||
| mm Ndani | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | |
| Uzito kwa Kitengo Urefu (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | 8-5/8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
| 273.1 | 10-3/4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
| 323.9 | 12-3/4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
| (325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
| 355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
| (377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
| 406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
| (426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
| 457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
| (478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
| 508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
| (529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
| 559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
| 610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
| (630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
| 660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
| 711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
| (720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
| 762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
| 813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
| (820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
| 864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
| 914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
| (920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
| 965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
| 1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
| (1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
| 1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
| 118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
| 1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
| 1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
| (1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
| 1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
| (1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416.66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
| 1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 382.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
| 1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
| (1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
| 1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
| 1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
| (1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
| 1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
| 1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
| (2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
| 2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
| (2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
| (2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
| (2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
| (2845.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 | ||||||||||
Kumbuka:
1. Pia yanapatikana mabomba ya chuma yenye kipenyo cha nje cha kawaida na unene wa ukuta wa kawaida kati ya ukubwa wake ulio karibu ulioorodheshwa kwenye jedwali, lakini mkataba utasainiwa.
2. Vipenyo vya nje vya kawaida katika mabano kwenye jedwali ni vipenyo vilivyotengwa.
Mojawapo ya vipengele muhimu zaidi vya kutumia chuma cha ondbomba la njia za maji chini ya ardhini taratibu sahihi za kulehemu. Kulehemu ni mchakato wa kuunganisha sehemu mbili za chuma kwa kutumia joto na shinikizo. Kwa mabomba ya maji ya chini ya ardhi, ubora wa kulehemu huathiri moja kwa moja uadilifu na uaminifu wa bomba kwa ujumla.
Sahihitaratibu za kulehemu mabombaKwa bomba la chuma linalozunguka, hatua kadhaa muhimu zinahitajika. Kwanza, uso wa bomba linalotakiwa kulehemu lazima uwe safi na usio na uchafu wowote kama vile uchafu, mafuta, au rangi. Hii inahakikisha kwamba kulehemu ni imara na hakuna uchafu unaoweza kuathiri nguvu yake.
Kisha, vigezo vya kulehemu kama vile uingizaji joto, kasi ya kulehemu, na mbinu lazima vidhibitiwe kwa uangalifu ili kufikia welds za ubora wa juu. Kutumia vifaa na mbinu sahihi za kulehemu ni muhimu ili kuzuia kasoro kama vile uwazi, nyufa, au ukosefu wa muunganiko, ambao unaweza kuathiri uadilifu wa weld.
Zaidi ya hayo, taratibu sahihi za kupasha joto na matibabu ya joto baada ya kulehemu ni muhimu kwa bomba la chuma linalotumika katika mistari ya maji ya ardhini. Kupasha joto husaidia kupunguza hatari ya kupasuka na kuboresha ubora wa kulehemu kwa ujumla, huku matibabu ya joto baada ya kulehemu yakipunguza msongo wa mabaki na kuhakikisha muundo mdogo sawa katika eneo lote la kulehemu.
Kwa kuongezea, matumizi ya teknolojia za hali ya juu za kulehemu kama vile michakato ya kulehemu kiotomatiki na upimaji usioharibu unaweza kuboresha zaidi ubora na uaminifu wa kulehemu. Teknolojia hizi husaidia kuhakikisha kwamba viungo vilivyounganishwa vinakidhi viwango vya nguvu na ubora vinavyohitajika ili kutoa amani ya akili kuhusu utendaji wa muda mrefu wa mistari ya maji ya chini ya ardhi.
Kwa muhtasari, taratibu sahihi za kulehemu mabomba ni muhimu ili kuhakikisha uadilifu na uimara wa bomba la chuma linalotumika katika mistari ya maji ya chini ya ardhi. Kwa kufuata vigezo muhimu vya kulehemu, mbinu na hatua za udhibiti wa ubora, hatari ya kasoro na hitilafu za kulehemu zinaweza kupunguzwa kwa kiasi kikubwa. Matokeo yake ni mstari wa maji ya chini ya ardhi unaoaminika na unaodumu ambao unaweza kuhimili mtihani wa muda na kutoa huduma salama na bora za utoaji wa maji. Kwa mistari ya maji ya chini ya ardhi, kuwekeza katika mpango sahihi wa kulehemu ni hatua muhimu katika kuhakikisha uaminifu na uimara wa bomba kwa ujumla.







